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Pathogen-induced physiological reprogramming and systemic dysfunction in plants
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DOI：10.1016/j.pmpp.2026.103495.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Plant diseases are traditionally described in terms of pathogen infection, symptom development, and tissue damage. However, disease progression is fundamentally a process of systemic physiological dysfunction that emerges from coordinated disruptions in carbon assimilation, energy metabolism, water relations, nutrient allocation, hormonal regulation, and organelle signaling. This review synthesizes current knowledge on how diverse pathogens reshape plant physiological networks, progressively shifting coordinated defense and compensatory responses toward physiological dysfunction when the plant's adaptive capacity is exceeded. We propose a systems-level framework in which disease evolution can be divided into three stages: adaptive stabilization, metabolic and signaling transition, and progressive physiological dysfunction. This framework integrates changes in photosynthesis, respiration, hydraulics, nutrient economy, hormonal networks, and molecular signaling, with an emphasis on chloroplast–mitochondria–peroxisome crosstalk, resource-allocation thresholds, and physiological resilience. The framework distinguishes resistance, which limits pathogen establishment, multiplication, or spread, from tolerance, which maintains plant performance despite infection, and physiological resilience, which supports the maintenance or recovery of integrated physiological functions. A major focus of this review is the distinction between adaptive and pathological physiological responses. By examining plant disease through coordinated physiological processes, this review offers a complementary framework for linking pathogen attack with loss of physiological resilience, productivity decline, and disease outcomes under changing climatic conditions.
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