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Pathways to ordered growth: fundamental mechanisms and universal strategies for texture modulation in metal anodes
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DOI：10.1016/j.pmatsci.2026.101792.png)
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Abstract
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Metallic anodes are attractive for next-generation high-energy–density batteries because of their ultrahigh theoretical capacities and low electrochemical potentials. However, intrinsic crystallographic heterogeneity across grains gives rise to anisotropic surface energetics and interfacial kinetics, leading to nonuniform nucleation, dendritic growth, and rapid performance decay. Crystallographic texture engineering has therefore emerged as a powerful strategy to direct metal deposition toward ordered growth along preferred orientations. Despite rapid progress, current understanding remains fragmented, particularly regarding the fundamental growth mechanisms governing texture formation across different metal systems. In this review, we provide a cross-metal, mechanism-oriented overview of texture modulation in metallic anodes, including Li, Na, Zn, Mg, Al, and other emerging systems. We first clarify crystallographic texture classifications and battery-relevant texture states, and then focus on equilibrium and non-equilibrium growth mechanisms underlying texture formation. Representative modulation strategies and advanced multiscale characterization methods are systematically summarized. Particular emphasis is placed on the universal principles, mechanistic correlations, and cross-metal commonalities governing ordered metal growth. Finally, we outline major challenges and opportunities for the rational design of high-performance, highly reversible, and structurally stable metallic anodes
Keywords:
Crystallographic texture
Metal anodes
Cross-metal framework
Growth mechanisms
Advanced characterization
Texture modulation
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