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Performance Evaluation of Electrical Models for Bifacial PV Modules
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DOI：10.1109/jphotov.2026.3686878.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
This article presents a robust and realistic evaluation of bifacial photovoltaic models. The approach mirrors standard characterization practice, enabling assessment not only of the intrinsic model accuracy but also its practical expandability under real operating conditions. The evaluation extends beyond conventional bifacial analysis and explicitly addresses rear-only performance, often neglected in the literature. The models examined are as follows: first, standard single-diode model (SDM), second, parallel-SDM, third, photocurrent-SDM, fourth, SeriesRes-SDM, and fifth, DiodeRes-SDM. Experimental measurements using Renogy RSP220DT-G1 module were conducted under different meteorological conditions, tilt angles, and surface albedo for validation. The results indicate that the DiodeRes-SDM achieves the highest bifacial accuracy [mean absolute error (MAE): 4.89%], while the SeriesRes-SDM is a comparable, simpler alternative (5.48%). Photocurrent-SDM and Parallel-SDM are most accurate for rear-only operation but perform poorly in bifacial mode. The Standard-SDM, while the simplest, introduces higher errors (7.92%). The evaluation confirms that rear operation exhibits distinct dynamics that require the development of rear-specific models. Therefore, choosing the appropriate bifacial model based on the specific application, bifacial yield prediction, system design, or installation condition optimization, is crucial for optimizing both modeling accuracy and computational efficiency.
Keywords:
Modeling
Modules (abstract algebra)
Current
Measurement
Standards
Photoconductivity
Temperature
Energy
Accuracy
Feed in tariff
Bifacial PV
electrical models
rear modeling
single-diode model (SDM)
Journal
IF:
2.6
Papers:
103
Citations:
6.4K