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Personal exposure to particulate matter in usual home-to-work commutes using different transport modes in Santiago, Chile
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DOI:10.1016/j.apr.2026.103104.png)
Abstract
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• We assessed personal exposure to traffic-related air pollutants (PM2.5 and ultrafine particles) among commuters using their usual home-to-work routes. • Higher in-traffic concentrations were observed among commuters using buses and subway. • Cyclists and car users experienced substantially lower UFP exposures under real-life commuting conditions than under assigned-route conditions. • Cyclists may reduce their exposure to traffic-related air pollution by selecting less congested routes and avoiding vehicular traffic.
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