Photoabsorption cross section in the low-x and low- $$Q^2$$ domain, and DGLAP evolution

doi:10.1140/epja/s10050-026-01874-9

Photoabsorption cross section in the low-x and low- $$Q^2$$ domain, and DGLAP evolution

2026-06-14

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DOI：10.1140/epja/s10050-026-01874-9

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The behavior of the gluon distribution of the proton in the low-x,  low- $$Q^2$$ domain of deep inelastic electron-proton scattering (DIS) is investigated. By considering two-gluon exchange as the dominant interaction in the low-x,  low- $$Q^2$$ domain, we imply the well-known result of scaling of the photoabsorption cross section in terms of the scaling variable $$\eta (W^2,Q^2).$$ From this, we derive a reliable result for the gluon distribution at the leading order of the perturbative quantum chromodynamics (pQCD) improved parton model, based on evolution from a starting scale of $$Q_0^2\cong 2$$  GeV $$^2.$$ The validity of evolution, when considering its quantitative modification at low- $$Q^2$$ without any alteration at larger values of $$Q^2,$$ leads to a quantitative improvement in the extraction of the gluon distribution based on evolution from a starting scale of $$Q^2$$ , conventionally chosen as $$Q^2= Q_0^2\cong 2$$  GeV $$^2.$$

Photoabsorption cross section in the low-x and low- $$Q^2$$ domain, and DGLAP evolution

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