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Physical Attacks on a UAV System: Overview and Emerging Methods
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AI
DOI：10.1109/TITS.2025.3641708.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
With the widespread adoption of UAV technology, the physical attacks targeting UAVs have become increasingly diverse, garnering growing attention. Physical attacks pose significant threats to the security of critical hardware within UAV systems, potentially leading to severe consequences such as crashes or unauthorized hijacking. Therefore, conducting in-depth research into physical attack methods on UAV systems not only provides theoretical support and strategic guidance for designing defense measures but also facilitates the optimization and tool-based application of existing attack techniques, paving new pathways for the development of anti-UAV technologies. This review begins with a systematic decomposition and detailed introduction of UAV systems from the perspective of hardware functional structures. Subsequently, it delves into vulnerabilities of UAV systems when facing physical attacks and provides a comprehensive review of existing physical attack methods. Particular attention is given to evaluating the effectiveness, technical characteristics, strengths, and limitations of these methods. Additionally, the review explores emerging physical attack techniques and the potential security threats posed by hardware extensions of UAVs in novel application domains. Furthermore, this review proposes a quantitative risk assessment framework for UAV security, systematically evaluating various physical attack methods based on attack cost, effectiveness, and likelihood. Finally, the review discusses future research directions in the domain of physical attacks on UAV systems, emphasizing the need to enhance existing technologies to strengthen anti-UAV capabilities and highlighting the importance of developing comprehensive defense strategies against physical attacks.
Keywords:
Physical attacks
security
UAV systems
emerging physical attack methods
security risk assessment
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