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Plant metabolites targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases: pharmacological mechanisms and combination strategies
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DOI：10.3389/fphar.2026.1851598.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are closely associated with mitochondrial dysfunction; including impaired mitochondrial biogenesis; abnormal mitochondrial dynamics; excessive oxidative stress; dysregulated mitophagy; and disorders of energy metabolism. Accumulating evidence indicates that natural products exert significant cardioprotective effects by coordinately regulating multiple mitochondrial pathways; thereby alleviating myocardial injury and slowing disease progression. This review systematically summarises recent advances in natural metabolites and their rational combination strategies for cardiovascular diseases; with a particular focus on mitochondrial regulation. Representative metabolites; including flavonoids; alkaloids; saponins; and polyphenols; regulate key signalling pathways such as SIRT1/PGC-1α; AMPK; Nrf2; PINK1/Parkin; and Drp1/MFN2 to restore mitochondrial homeostasis. Importantly; natural metabolite combinations further demonstrate synergistic and complementary effects through coordinated regulation of distinct mitochondrial pathways. For example; EGCG and Rhein cooperatively alleviate myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by simultaneously suppressing oxidative stress and TLR4-mediated inflammatory signalling. Collectively; this review highlights the considerable potential of natural products and their rational combinations as therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular diseases through the modulation of mitochondrial function.
Keywords:
oxidative stress
cardiovascular diseases
mitochondrial dysfunction
combination therapy
natural products
myocardial injury
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