Posterior Eye Curvature as a Biomarker for Differentiating Pathologic Myopia From High Myopia

doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2025.03.024

Posterior Eye Curvature as a Biomarker for Differentiating Pathologic Myopia From High Myopia

2025-07-01

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DOI：10.1016/j.ajo.2025.03.024

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center dot PURPOSE: To characterize posterior eye curvature and to assess its diagnostic performance in differentiating pathologic myopia (PM) from simple high myopia (SHM). center dot DESIGN: Population-based, cross-sectional study. center dot PARTICIPANTS: A total of 790 eyes from 790 participants (mean age: 60.6 +/- 8.3 years; 59% female) were randomly selected from the Beijing Eye Study, including 406 nonmyopic eyes, 175 eyes with mild myopia, 102 eyes with moderate myopia, 76 eyes with simple SHM, and 31 eyes with PM. center dot METHODS: Posterior eye curvature was calculated using the outer boundary of the retinal pigment epithelium layer, derived from automatically segmented spectral-domain optical coherence tomography images. Three curvature parameters were computed: curvaturemean, curvaturemaxand curvaturemacula. center dot MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The values and spatial distribution of curvature parameters across different myopia groups, and their diagnostic performance in distinguishing PM from SHM. center dot RESULTS: Higher curvature parameters were significantly associated with older age, longer axial length (AL), more myopic refractive error (RE), lower best-corrected visual activity, and smaller subfoveal choroidal thickness (all P < .001). These parameters increased progressively with myopia severity (all P < .001). Unlike traditional metrics such as AL, which demonstrated a steady increase across the entire spectrum of myopia, curvature parameters showed a significantly sharper increase between SHM and PM, compared to other pairwise comparisons (nonmyopia vs mild myopia, mild vs moderate myopia, and moderate myopia vs SHM) (all P < .001). After adjusting for age, AL, and RE, the curvature parameters remained significantly associated with the occurrence of PM (all P < .003). In distinguishing PM from SHM, curvaturemaxachieved the highest diagnostic performance, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.92 (95% CI, 0.87-0.98), followed by 0.86 (95% CI, 0.78-0.94) for curvaturemean, 0.84 (95% CI, 0.76-0.93) for curvaturemacula, 0.75 (95% CI, 0.62-0.89) for AL, and 0.76 (95% CI, 0.66-0.86) for RE. The performance of curvaturemaxwas significantly higher than AL ( P = .020) and RE ( P = .006). center dot CONCLUSIONS: Posterior eye curvature increased with myopia severity and outperformed traditional AL and RE, suggesting its potential as a desirable biomarker in differentiating PM from SHM. Further research, particularly longitudinal studies, is warranted to evaluate whether the curvature can predict myopia prognosis and the development of pathologic changes. (Am J Ophthalmol 2025;275: 88-98. (c) 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.)

Keywords:

LOCALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION

CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION

AXIAL LENGTH

RISK-FACTORS

SHAPE

PREVALENCE

SURFACE

CLASSIFICATION

ASSOCIATION

STAPHYLOMAS

Posterior Eye Curvature as a Biomarker for Differentiating Pathologic Myopia From High Myopia

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