Precise Array Manifold Based on Spherical Harmonic Domain Mutual Coupling Model

doi:10.1109/tap.2026.3719842

Precise Array Manifold Based on Spherical Harmonic Domain Mutual Coupling Model

2026-08-11

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DOI：10.1109/tap.2026.3719842

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Precise parametric array manifold is the prerequisite for array signal processing technology. The mutual coupling effect on the array manifold is one of the most important factors in that it cannot be neglected in array signal processing, which has been widely studied in the past few decades. However, most existing array signal processing literature neglects the array manifold deviation caused by the mismatch of mutual coupling models. In this paper, the coupling mechanism of antenna arrays in spherical harmonic domain is revealed, and a mutual coupling wide matrix based on the scalar spherical harmonic expansion (SSHE) is constructed for scalar and diversely polarized arrays. The resulting spherical harmonic manifold provides an extremely accurate representation of the true array manifold with a compact form. Numerical examples verify the applicability of the proposed SSHE-based mutual coupling model in scalar and vector arrays. The reconstruction errors of the proposed spherical harmonic manifold using the SSHE-based broad coupling matrix are more than 2 orders of magnitude lower than those of the state-of-the-art extended manifold. The proposed manifold has the potential to be applied to the existing array signal processing algorithms to enhance the capabilities of antenna arrays under the influence of mutual coupling.

Keywords:

Spherical harmonic expansion technique

mutual coupling model

antenna array calibration

accurate parametric array manifold

array manifold reconstruction

Precise Array Manifold Based on Spherical Harmonic Domain Mutual Coupling Model

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