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Prediction of temperature field and HAZ microstructure evolution in oxy-fuel cutting using combined heat source model via element birth and death technique
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DOI：10.1016/j.csite.2026.108404.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Based on the mechanism of oxygen-flame cutting, a combined Gaussian surface-cylinder heat source model was established using the element birth and death technique. The heat transfer behavior and microstructural evolution during flame cutting of medium-thick low-alloy steel plates were systematically investigated through integrated numerical simulation and experimental tests. The results indicate that the iron-oxygen reaction serves as the primary heat source, while the preheating flame acts as an auxiliary heating source. Heat dissipation in the workpiece occurs mainly through conduction, convection, and radiation, resulting in a temperature distribution that decreases progressively from the heat source center outward. Cutting tests on 50 mm-thick Q345D steel plates demonstrate that cutting speed significantly influences the cooling behavior: a higher speed leads to an increased overall cooling rate. At the same speed, the cooling rate is highest at the bottom and lowest in the mid-thickness region of the workpiece, resulting in a corresponding hardness gradient with maximum hardness at the bottom and minimum in the middle. Quantitative analysis reveals that the peak temperature at the heat source center reaches approximately 2200°C. At a cutting speed of 6 mm/s, the heat-affected zone (HAZ) width is minimized to 1.2∼2.9 mm, showing good agreement between simulation predictions and metallographic observations. Increasing the cutting speed further accelerates cooling, particularly near the lower surface, promoting the formation of tempered martensite with a higher quantity and finer microstructure. This study clarifies the intrinsic relationship between thermal processes and microstructural evolution during flame cutting and provides a quantitative basis for precisely controlling cutting quality and predicting HAZ dimensions.
Keywords:
Flame cutting
Combined heat source modeling
Numerical simulation
Element birth and death technique
Heat affected zone(HAZ)
Iron-oxygen reaction
Heat transfer behavior
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