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Prenatal smoking and child psychopathology associations by age and sex in the ECHO cohort
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DOI：10.1017/S095457942610128X.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Maternal tobacco smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) is associated with an increased risk of child externalizing problems. It remains unclear whether these associations are externalizing-specific; or better explained by comorbidity between externalizing and internalizing domains; or vary by age and sex. To address comorbidity and differentiation between domains; we leveraged the severity-directional model of psychopathology. Severity reflects the overall level of psychopathology symptoms across both domains (high levels of severity can only be reached by having symptoms of both types simultaneously); whereas directionality captures the balance/differentiation of internalizing vs. externalizing symptoms regardless of number of total symptoms. Participants included 16; 335 children aged 1–19 years old (47.78% female; 58.17% White; 75.46% non-Hispanic) from 55 U.S.-based cohorts within the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) consortium. MSDP predicted differentiation toward externalizing problems in 2-year age bins 1–2 through 7–8 and 13–14 years; remaining (non-significant) age bins had similar magnitudes. MSDP predicted higher symptom severity in all age bins. Findings likely reflect a combination of MSDP associations with comorbid symptom severity and specificity toward externalizing problems; with little evidence of age or sex differences. Additional analyses explored e-cigarette use; other prenatal substance use; and postnatal smoke exposure; associations were sparse and unsystematic.
Keywords:
Smoking during pregnancy
Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO)
internalizing
externalizing
severity and directionality
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