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Probing dark matter halo effects around black holes through quasi-periodic oscillations
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DOI：10.1016/j.aop.2026.170602.png)
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Abstract
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Quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) observed in the X-ray flux of accreting compact objects provide a powerful probe of the strong-gravity regime near neutron stars and black holes. In this work, we investigate the influence of a dark matter halo on the dynamics of particles orbiting a compact object and its implications for QPO observations in low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) systems. We consider a general black hole spacetime embedded in a Dehnen-type dark matter halo characterized by the parameters ((α,β,γ)=(1,4,γ)) . The properties of the spacetime are first examined through an analysis of the horizon structure and the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO). Using the relativistic precession model, we derive the fundamental frequencies of particle motion and apply them to interpret observed QPOs from several LMXB sources. We explore different halo configurations corresponding to fixed values of the inner slope parameter (γ=0) and (γ=1) , as well as the case where γ is treated as a free parameter. The model parameters are constrained through Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analysis, and the resulting fits are compared with the standard Schwarzschild spacetime using information criteria such as AIC and BIC. Our results show how the presence of a dark matter halo modifies the orbital frequencies and can lead to observable effects in QPO spectra. We discuss the implications of these results for probing the gravitational environment of compact objects and for testing the possible influence of dark matter in the vicinity of neutron stars in LMXB systems.
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