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Procedural Barriers to Political Candidacy: Gender, Discouragement and Candidate Persistence

delete2026-02-01
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PRE
AI
M
Marco Faravelli *
U
Umair Khalil
S
Sundar Ponnusamy
DOI:10.1093/ej/ueaf094delete
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Abstract

Abstract

En 中文
A procedural rule in Indian elections requires candidates to pay a nominal deposit, which is forfeited on obtaining fewer than one-sixth of the votes. Forfeiture diminishes female recontesting by 13.3 percentage points in the following election (relative effect size of 68%). We find no such effects for men. These effects are persistent and discourage female candidates in the long term as well. States with more regressive gender norms exhibit stronger findings, with female forfeiters also being 11.8 percentage points less likely to win the following election. We enhance our analysis by conducting a survey experiment with representative voters.
Keywords:
INCUMBENCY ADVANTAGE
COMPETITION EVIDENCE
WOMEN
MATRILINEAL
WILLINGNESS
INSTITUTIONS
ELECTIONS
SELECTION
CHILDREN
PARTIES

Journal

Economic Journal cover
Economic Journal
IF:
3.6
Papers:
5.5K
Citations:
1.6W

Organization

U
university of queensland
Scholars:
3.1K
Papers: 1.5K
Citations: 0
D
Deakin University
Scholars:
1.9W
Papers: 2.0W
Citations: 2.8W
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