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Processing and structural design of PLA fibers for improved heat resistance and dyeability
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DOI：10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e02186.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Benefiting from its unique biobased sources and biodegradability, polylactic acid (PLA) is considered one of the most promising alternatives to petroleum-based fibers. However, the insufficient heat resistance and unsatisfactory dyeability of PLA remain critical bottlenecks. Here, the mechanisms governing the heat resistance and dyeability of PLA fibers are systematically discussed from a structure-property perspective, with particular emphasis on the coupling relationship between these two properties. Although heat resistance and dyeability are often considered mutually restrictive under conventional regulation strategies, this trade-off is highly dependent on structural and processing conditions and can be partially mitigated through rational regulation. The approaches for tuning PLA crystallization are systematically analyzed by examining the effects of the spinning process, unit cell structure, and nucleating agents on crystallization behavior and heat resistance. Meanwhile, the influence of copolymerization with highly compatible hard segments and crosslinking on the heat resistance of PLA is clarified based on the mechanism of molecular chain mobility. Moreover, dye design guided by polarity and hydrophobic regulation yields improved dyeability of PLA, matching the structural characteristics of its helical molecular chains. The inherently low surface energy, limited polarity, and restricted chain mobility of PLA fibers are the fundamental causes of weak dye-fiber affinity. The challenges and future directions focus on the simultaneous improvement of heat resistance and dyeability, the impact of fiber modification on degradability, and the development of degradation pathways. This work offers a comprehensive perspective on the heat resistance and dyeing limitations of PLA fibers, and addressing these key barriers will drive the significant development of PLA in textiles.
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