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Processing Entangled Links Into Secure Cryptographic Keys
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DOI：10.1109/jsac.2026.3707822.png)
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Abstract
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The following paper presents a holistic approach to the processing of entangled links within entanglement based quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols, whose security relies on the Bell inequality. We investigate the collective impact of the whole processing chain on the final secure key rate. This includes the quantum mechanical preprocessing in the form of entanglement distillation, processing of the entangled states via measurements, and the necessary classical postprocessing based on the measurement results. Our investigations are based on the principal idea of the Ekert 1991 protocol and utilize the secret key capacity introduced by Devetak and Winter in 2005. Our results include a proof on what measurement bases need to be chosen to achieve this capacity for the case of Werner states. We also propose a new processing strategy for how the two users of the QKD system can choose their measurement bases to achieve higher key generation rates for certain scenarios. Furthermore, we answer the question on how many recurrence based entanglement distillation iterations are optimal. This is achieved by proposing a unified formalism and describing the whole processing chain that can be used to make quantitative statements on the relation between the quality and quantity of entangled but noisy quantum states used for the generation of secure keys.
Keywords:
Quantum communication
quantum key distribution
quantum information science
quantum entanglement
quantum cryptography
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