Programmable Metal–Organic Framework Biointerfaces Against Pathogens

doi:10.3390/biology15131053

Programmable Metal–Organic Framework Biointerfaces Against Pathogens

2026-07-02

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DOI：10.3390/biology15131053

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Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous materials that can be tailored for a variety of biomedical applications. Although initially investigated mainly for antimicrobial and antiviral inactivation, recent studies have shown that MOFs can also support pathogen detection, immune regulation, and therapeutic delivery. This Review summarizes recent progress in MOF-based anti-pathogen systems from these different perspectives and discusses emerging opportunities in drug discovery and artificial intelligence-assisted design. Current challenges associated with stability, biosafety, and clinical translation are also highlighted. By providing an overview of these developments, this Review aims to offer insights into the future development of MOF-enabled strategies against infectious diseases.

Keywords:

metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)

biointerfaces

programmable anti-pathogen systems

pathogen surveillance

immune engineering

biomimetic delivery

biosensing

antiviral therapeutics

Programmable Metal–Organic Framework Biointerfaces Against Pathogens

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