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Prompting Large Language Models for fMRI-Based Brain Semantic Decoding

delete2026-01-01
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Anna Sato *
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Ichiro Kobayashi
DOI:10.1007/978-981-95-4378-6_27delete
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Abstract

Abstract

En 中文
Brain decoding, which aims to reconstruct perceptual experiences or cognitive states from neural activity, has seen significant advancements with the integration of large language models (LLMs). This study investigates the impact of different LLM architectures (GPT [11] and Llama-3), model scales (1B to 70B parameters for Llama-3), and instructional prompting on semantic decoding accuracy from fMRI data. Utilizing a public fMRI dataset where participants listened to speech narratives or viewed silent movies, we adapted a previously established decoding framework [15]. Our findings reveal that Llama-3 generally exhibited superior brain activity encoding compared to GPT models. In decoding, the impact of prompts was particularly critical for Llama-3 models. For the speech listening task, while Fine-tuned GPT, which is used in prior research, demonstrated strong baseline accuracy, Llama-3 models without prompts performed considerably lower. However, through instructional prompts that effectively guided and constrained models output toward more task-relevant content, Llama-3s performance substantially improved, achieving comparable results to Fine-tuned GPT across several metrics. Furthermore, on the more challenging movie dataset, which required decoding silent visual narratives using an encoding model trained exclusively on auditory speech, prompted Llama-3 models frequently outperformed GPT models. While lower movie decoding accuracy highlighted cross-task generalization limits, the performance of prompted LLMs demonstrates significant potential, underscoring the need for more versatile encoding strategies in brain decoding.
Keywords:
Brain Decoding
fMRI
Large Language Models

Journal

N
NEURAL INFORMATION PROCESSING, ICONIP 2025, PT II
IF:
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Papers:
36
Citations:
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Organization

Ochanomizu University cover
Ochanomizu University
Scholars:
181
Papers: 85
Citations: 627
Cited Papers

Cited Papers

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GPT-2’s activations predict the degree of semantic comprehension in the human brain
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err2021-04-21
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errOAAI
errCharlotte Caucheteux; Alexandre Gramfort; Jean-Rémi King
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Encoding and decoding in fMRI
err2011-05-01
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errOAAI
errThomas Naselaris; Kendrick N. Kay; Shinji Nishimoto; Jack L. Gallant
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The neural architecture of language: Integrative modeling converges on predictive processing
err2021-11-04
err189
errOAAI
errSchrimpf, Martin; Blank, Idan Asher; Tuckute, Greta; Kauf, Carina; Hosseini, Eghbal A.; Kanwisher, Nancy; Tenenbaum, Joshua B.; Fedorenko, Evelina
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IF0
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PREAI
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Semantic reconstruction of continuous language from non-invasive brain recordings
err2023-05-01
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errOAAI
errJerry Tang; Amanda LeBel; Shailee Jain; Alexander G. Huth
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Aligning Books and Movies: Towards Story-Like Visual Explanations by Watching Movies and Reading Books
err2015-12-01
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errYukun Zhu; Ryan Kiros; Rich Zemel; Ruslan Salakhutdinov; Raquel Urtasun; Antonio Torralba; Sanja Fidler
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Shared computational principles for language processing in humans and deep language models
err2022-03-07
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errOAAI
errAriel Goldstein; Zaid Zada; Eliav Buchnik; Mariano Schain; Amy Price; Bobbi Aubrey; Samuel A. Nastase; Amir Feder; Dotan Emanuel; Alon Cohen; Aren Jansen; Harshvardhan Gazula; Gina Choe; Aditi Rao; Catherine Kim; Colton Casto; Lora Fanda; Werner Doyle; Daniel Friedman; Patricia Dugan; Lucia Melloni; Roi Reichart; Sasha Devore; Adeen Flinker; Liat Hasenfratz; Omer Levy; Avinatan Hassidim; Michael Brenner; Yossi Matias; Kenneth A. Norman; Orrin Devinsky; Uri Hasson
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