Proprietary LLMs impede scientific transparency and reproducibility

Killian L. McLoughlin

doi:10.1038/s44159-026-00593-8

Proprietary LLMs impede scientific transparency and reproducibility

2026-07-13

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Killian L. McLoughlin

A

Alexis Palmer

J

J. Nathan Matias

M

M. J. Crockett *

DOI：10.1038/s44159-026-00593-8

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Large language models are rapidly transforming the methods of psychological research, but the use of proprietary models poses risks to transparency and reproducibility. Prioritizing open models and standardizing reporting practices can ensure these tools support — rather than undermine — scientific progress. Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly transforming the methods of psychological research, but the use of proprietary models poses risks to transparency and reproducibility. Prioritizing open models and standardizing reporting practices can ensure these tools support — rather than undermine — scientific progress.

Proprietary LLMs impede scientific transparency and reproducibility

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