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Proteoformics: Current status and future perspectives
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DOI：10.1016/j.jprot.2025.105524.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
• 2DE-LC/MS detects and quantifies large-scale proteoforms, capturing subtle differences in PTMs, pI, and Mr. • TD-MS directly analyzes intact proteoforms, complements 2DE-LC/MS to offer comprehensive insights into PTMs and isoform diversity. • AI-driven structural analysis tools accurately predict 3-D conformation and molecular interactions of proteoforms. • Integration of 2DE-LC/MS, TD-MS, and AI-driven structural analysis tools enables a holistic understanding of proteoform structure, function, and dynamics. • Proteoformics holds potential for personalized medicine in biomarkers, targeted therapies, and predictive diagnosis.
Keywords:
2DE-LC/MS
TD-MS
AlphaFold 3
D-I-TASSER
Proteoform
Proteoformics
Amino acid sequence
Post-translational modification
Spatial conformation
Molecular interaction
AI
Artificial intelligence
BU-MS
Bottom-up mass spectrometry
cryo-EM
cryo-electron microscopy
HDX-MS
Hydrogen‑deuterium exchange mass spectrometry
IEF
Isoelectric focusing
LC
Liquid chromatography
LC/MS
liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
MS
Mass spectrometry
MS/MS
Tandem mass spectrometry
MSAs
Multiple sequence alignments
Mr
Relative mass
NMR
Nuclear magnetic resonance
PAGE
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
pI
Isoelectric point
PTMs
post-translational modifications
rPTMs
RNA post-transcriptional modifications
SDS
Sodium dodecyl sulfate
TD-MS
Top-down mass spectrometry
2DE
Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis
3D
Three-dimensional
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