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QFaaS: A serverless function-as-a-service framework for quantum computing
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DOI：10.1016/j.future.2024.01.018.png)
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Abstract
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Quantum computing is rapidly reaching a point in which its application design and engineering aspects must beseriously considered. However, quantum software engineering is still in its infancy, with numerous challenges,especially in dealing with the diversity of quantum programming languages and noisy intermediate-scalequantum (NISQ) systems. To alleviate these challenges, we propose QFaaS, a holisticQuantumFunction-as-a-Service framework, which leverages the advantages of the serverless model, DevOps lifecycle, and thestate-of-the-art software techniques to advance practical quantum computing for next-generation applicationdevelopment in the NISQ era. Our framework provides essential elements of a serverless quantum systemto streamline service-oriented quantum application development in cloud environments, such as combininghybrid quantum-classical computation, automating the backend selection, cold start mitigation, and adaptingDevOps techniques. QFaaS offers a full-stack and unified quantum serverless platform by integrating multiplewell-known quantum software development kits (Qiskit, Q#, Cirq, and Braket), quantum simulators, and cloudproviders (IBM Quantum and Amazon Braket). This paper proposes the concept of quantum function-as-a-service, system design, operation workflows, implementation of QFaaS, and lessons learned on the benefitsand limitations of quantum serverless computing. We also present practical use cases with various quantumapplications on today's quantum computers and simulators to demonstrate our framework capability tofacilitate the ongoing quantum software transition.
Keywords:
Quantum serverless
Quantum function-as-a-service
Quantum software engineeringHybrid
quantum-classical computing
Quantum DevOps
Quantum cloud computin
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