Quantifying pathogen exposure variability from surface contacts with force-dependent transfer models

Baotian Chang

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.128184

Quantifying pathogen exposure variability from surface contacts with force-dependent transfer models

2025-12-05

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DOI：10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.128184

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• Force-dependent transfer rates were measured across materials. • Transfer from hands to surfaces was consistently higher than the reverse direction. • Touch forces on 15 surfaces were normally distributed, ranging from 0.25 to 3 N. • 2584 surface touches were identified via computer vision, with a 93.4 % accuracy. • Exposure differed by 86 %–208 % between variable and fixed transfer rate models.

Quantifying pathogen exposure variability from surface contacts with force-dependent transfer models

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