Quantum entanglement network enabled by a state-multiplexing quantum light source

Yunru Fan

doi:10.1038/s41377-025-01805-1

Quantum entanglement network enabled by a state-multiplexing quantum light source

2025-05-12

0

OA

AI

DOI：10.1038/s41377-025-01805-1

Original

Original request for help

Save

Abstract

En 中文

A fully connected quantum network with a wavelength division multiplexing architecture plays an increasingly pivotal role in quantum information technology. With such architecture, an entanglement-based network has been demonstrated in which an entangled photon-pair source distributes quantum entanglement resources to many users. Despite these remarkable advances, the scalability of the architecture could be constrained by the finite spectrum resource, where ON2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mathscr{O}}\left({N}<^>{2}\right)$$\end{document} wavelength channels are needed to connect N users, thus impeding further progress in real-world scenarios. Here, we propose a scheme for the wavelength division multiplexing entanglement-based network using a state-multiplexing quantum light source. With a dual-pump configuration, the feasibility of our approach is demonstrated by generating state-multiplexing photon pairs at multiple wavelength channels with a silicon nitride microring resonator chip. In our demonstration, we establish a fully connected graph between four users with six wavelength channels-saving half of which without sacrificing functionality and performance of the secure communication. A total asymptotic secure key rate of 1946.9 bps is obtained by performing the BBM92 protocol with the distributed state. The network topology of our method has great potential for developing a scalable quantum network with significantly minimized infrastructure requirements.

Keywords:

PHOTON-PAIR GENERATION

KEY DISTRIBUTION

CRYPTOGRAPHY

FIELD

QKD

Quantum entanglement network enabled by a state-multiplexing quantum light source

Abstract

Journal

Organization