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Radioisotopes
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DOI：10.1007/978-3-319-41724-0_2.png)
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Abstract
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Radioisotopes are of critical importance in nuclear batteries due to their role as the battery's power source. Characteristics of radioisotopes such as type of radiation emitted, decay energy of its radiation, and half-life all influence their usefulness. The type of radiation will determine whether or not there is a good match between the range of radiation and the scale length of the transducer, the decay energy of the radiation determines the effective power density of the source, and the half-life determines the effective lifetime of the nuclear battery. Because of this, special attention must be given during the radionuclide selection process so that it fits the desired design criteria. While simple in concept, the limitations enforced by the physical properties of the substance being used represent an extremely significant barrier to the production of nuclear batteries. Another significant barrier to the production of nuclear batteries arises from limitations in the isotope supply and cost of production. These limitations can be surprising, as a common misconception is that radioisotope supplies are at least abundant, even if they cannot be cheaply produced. For nuclear batteries, supply is an issue because of the large amount of isotopes that would be needed to produce significant power and overcome transducer inefficiencies. For example, a good transducer can only get an average of 1 mW of power per Ci of radionuclide. Production is also an issue because of the cost of producing radionuclide amounts large enough to produce significant power in the nuclear battery. In this chapter, the reader receives a more detailed introduction to radioisotopes, which includes an analysis of origin, existing supplies, production methods, associated production costs, and some basic isotope selection complications.
Keywords:
Radioisotopes supplies
Radioisotope production
Radioisotope costs
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