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Rapid-charging aluminium-sulfur batteries operated at 85 °C with a quaternary molten salt electrolyte
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DOI：10.1038/s41467-024-44691-8.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Molten salt aluminum-sulfur batteries are based exclusively on resourcefully sustainable materials, and are promising for large-scale energy storage owed to their high-rate capability and moderate energy density; but the operating temperature is still high, prohibiting their applications. Here we report a rapid-charging aluminium-sulfur battery operated at a sub-water-boiling temperature of 85 degrees C with a tamed quaternary molten salt electrolyte. The quaternary alkali chloroaluminate melt - possessing abundant electrochemically active high-order Al-Cl clusters and yet exhibiting a low melting point - facilitates fast Al3+ desolvation. A nitrogen-functionalized porous carbon further mediates the sulfur reaction, enabling the battery with rapid-charging capability and excellent cycling stability with 85.4% capacity retention over 1400 cycles at a charging rate of 1 C. Importantly, we demonstrate that the asymmetric sulfur reaction mechanism that involves formation of polysulfide intermediates, as revealed by operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy, accounts for the high reaction kinetics at such temperature wherein the thermal management can be greatly simplified by using water as the heating media. Molten salt aluminium-sulfur batteries exhibit high-rate capability and moderate energy density, but suffer from high operating temperature. Here the authors demonstrate a rapidly charging aluminum-sulfur battery operating at 85 degrees C enabled by a quaternary alkali chloroaluminate electrolyte.
Keywords:
LI-S BATTERIES
PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES
IN-SITU
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