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Rare Earth Doped Metal Oxide with Graphene Oxide Composites as Electrochemical Sensors for Environmental and Antimicrobial Applications
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DOI：10.1007/s11244-026-02333-x.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
The development of rare-earth doped metal oxide graphene nanocomposites as electrochemical sensors for environmental and antimicrobial-related sensing applications is examined critically in this study, along with current developments and problems. These nanocomposites provide a potent platform for improved analyte adsorption, charge transport, and electrochemical signal generation by fusing the high electrical conductivity, mechanical flexibility, and large surface area of graphene derivatives with the defect-rich and catalytically active nature of rare-earth-doped metal oxides. Consequently, when compared to traditional metal oxide-based sensors, they showed enhanced sensitivity, selectivity and stability. Major synthesis techniques such as hydrothermal, sol-gel, solvothermal, and co-precipitation methods and important characterization techniques were analyzed for assessing the properties of the composites like, surface area, morphology, defect chemistry, mixed-valence redox behavior, rare-earth-induced, oxygen vacancies. And also discussed the graphene-assisted charge transport on electrochemical sensing efficiency, in contrast to previous reviews that concentrate independently on graphene-based sensors, rare-earth doped metal oxides, or wide hybrid nanocomposites only. In this review, we have analyzed the various electrochemical sensing parameters like detection limit, linear range, sensitivity, selectivity, stability and real-sample applicability of rare-earth doped metal oxide/graphene composites. We observed that rare earth metals like Pr, Yb, Gd etc. doped metals oxides like CuO, ZnO, V2O5 etc., with graphene composites shows promising sensing systems with other materials. The potential of rare earth doped metal oxide-graphene nanocomposites are promising for the next-generation sensing platforms that can monitor environmental pollutants and critical antimicrobial related targets in complex environments in real-time.
Keywords:
Rare earth metals
Metal oxides
Reduced graphene oxide
Electrochemical sensors
Nanocomposites
Environmental monitoring
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