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Rational Design of Cu-Based Catalysts for Nitrate to Ammonia Electroreduction: A Structure–Limitation–Strategy Perspective
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DOI：10.1002/adsc.70580.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Cu-based catalysts have emerged as promising candidates for electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (eNO3RR), offering an energy-efficient alternative to the Haber–Bosch process while enabling the remediation of nitrate-containing wastewater. However, eNO3RR on Cu remains limited by coupled thermodynamic and kinetic challenges, including scaling-constrained intermediate adsorption, insufficient control over hydrogen supply and selectivity, and increasingly severe interfacial bottlenecks under high-current-density operation. Rational catalyst design is therefore required to address distinct but coupled limitations, including nitrate activation, intermediate hydrogenation, hydrogen availability, HER competition, and interfacial mass/charge transport. In this work, we summarize the mechanistic basis of Cu-based eNO3RR and discuss how multiscale structural strategies alleviate these recurring bottlenecks. Moreover, this review summarizes recent works from a structure–limitation–strategy perspective, spanning atomic-scale coordination engineering; site cooperativity; nanostructure, defect, and phase-boundary engineering; and interfacial microenvironment regulation. Finally, we outline future directions for Cu-based catalysts, with an emphasis on realistic water matrices, high-current stability, ammonia recovery, AI-assisted catalyst optimization, and product-oriented selectivity.
Keywords:
Cu-based catalysts
electrochemical nitrate reduction to ammonia
multiscale catalyst design
structure–limitation–strategy
Journal
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IF:
4
Papers:
424
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0