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Re-roof_it: a multi-criteria framework for rooftop retrofit in low-rise residential buildings, warm-humid climate of India
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DOI：10.1080/17452007.2026.2656423.png)
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Abstract
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This study proposes a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) approach to determine appropriate re-roofing material assemblies (MCAs) for retrofitting low-rise residential structures in India's warm-humid climatic zone. The aim was to provide a material selection framework that facilitates informed retrofit decisions, matching energy efficiency objectives with realistic, climate-specific solutions for India's housing sector. Using Bhubaneswar, Odisha, as a representative case, the assessment evaluated 23 MCAs through three major performance criteria: thermal transmittance (Uroof); energy use intensity reductions (EUI); and annual electric cost (EC). The findings revealed that conventional reinforced cement concrete slabs consistently failed to meet performance standards, whereas cases like Madras terrace roofing, high surface reflective indexed paints and a few bio-based and engineered insulation materials offered significant reductions. The re-roofing approach to retrofit offers a potential reduction of 97.5% in Uroof, up to 17.67% in EUI and 43.2% EC. Overall, 14 MCAs of the 23 were identified as suitable to be added in the choice basket for use in the selected case, with 10 MCAs consistently ranked to be ‘Highest preference’ across all criteria. The results demonstrate the framework’s potential to guide climate-responsive, energy-efficient retrofits and provide a scalable approach that can be replicated for other cities and climate zones.
Keywords:
Thermal transmittance of roofing systems
energy utilization index
multi-criteria decision analysis
retrofit decision framework
building envelope retrofit
materials choice basket
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