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Reasonable tillage measures for runoff and sediment reduction on typical red soil sloping farmlands under extreme rainfall in southern China
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DOI：10.1007/s11104-026-08877-x.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Climate change has intensified extreme rainfall, increasing global soil erosion risks. To investigate efficient soil and water conservation practices under extreme rainfall in southern China, four tillage treatments—longitudinal ridge (LR), flat planting with hedgerow intercropping (HG), flat planting with straw mulching (SM), and bare land (CK)—were established in the Poyang Lake region. From 2018 to 2023, rainfall, runoff, and sediment were measured for each event, with extremes classified according to World Meteorological Organization (WMO) criteria. Extreme rainfall events accounted for 21.1% of the total rainfall events (86.5% from March–August). Compared with ordinary rainfall, extreme rainfall was 2.9 times the average rainfall amount, lasted 1.4 times the average rainfall duration, and was 3.5 times the average maximum 30-min rainfall intensity. Under extreme rainfall conditions, the mean runoff depth, runoff coefficient, soil loss, and sediment concentration were 5.9–7.5, 1.9–2.6, 17.7–23.5, and 2.5–6.0 times greater than the values observed under ordinary rainfall, respectively. Notably, extreme rainfall contributed 61.3%–66.7% of the total annual runoff depth and 82.5%–86.2% of the total soil loss. Compared with those of the CK, HG outperformed SM and LR, reducing annual runoff and sediment by over 92.0% under extreme rainfall. LR showed limited runoff reduction during the peanut season, while SM’s soil and water conservation efficiency dropped significantly during rapeseed season. This study demonstrated that hedgerow intercropping effectively mitigated erosion from extreme rainfall on red soil slopes, offering a scientific basis for optimizing conservation strategies in climate-sensitive regions.
Keywords:
Extreme rainfall events
Water erosion
Soil and water conservation
Tillage measures
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