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Recent Advancements in High Performance Organic Thermoelectric Polymers for Sustainable Development
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DOI：10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2026.102124.png)
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Abstract
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Thermoelectric (TE) materials are significant for sustainable development because they can be used for the direct conversion between heat and electricity. TE polymers are considered as the next-generation TE materials due to their high mechanical flexibility, low cost, solution processability, and low thermal conductivity. Recently, great progress was made on the development of high-performance TE polymers including both p- and n-type polymers and their application in TE conversion devices. These advancements are reviewed in this article. Several strategies can be used to enhance the TE performance of p-type polymers, including doping, secondary doping, dedoping, energy filtering, and polaron energy level splitting. Although the performance of n-type polymers has been well behind the p-type counterparts due to their poor stability, great improvement was recently made. It was recently reported that some new n-type polymers such as metal–organic coordination polymers and polybenzodifuranedione (PBFDO) can exhibit high stability and high TE properties under ambient conditions. TE polymers should be processed into 1D fibers, 2D films, or 3D bulks or aerogels for their application in TE devices. The processing techniques can notably affect the microstructure and thus the TE properties. The TE applications of TE polymers including thermoelectric generators (TEGs), Peltier coolers and sensors are covered as well.
Keywords:
Thermoelectric polymers
Sustainable development
Doping strategies
n-Type polymers
Thermoelectric devices
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