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Recent advances and field-deployable applications of nanomaterial-based sensors for the targeted PFAS detection
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DOI：10.1016/j.pmatsci.2025.101650.png)
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Abstract
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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent environmental pollutants that pose significant health and ecological hazards owing to their chemical stability and bioaccumulative nature. The rapid and sensitive detection of PFAS, especially at trace concentrations within complex environmental matrices, remains a substantial challenge. This review examines recent advancements in nanomaterial-based sensing systems for PFAS detection, focusing on photonic, electrochemical, and optical sensing principles. To achieve scalable and field-deployable sensing systems, enormous efforts have been made to assess the suitability of a diverse range of nanomaterials, including plasmonic nanostructures, functionalized two-dimensional (2D) materials, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), hybrid nanocomposites, carbon dots, biodegradable materials, and metal/metal oxide nanoparticles. Particular emphasis has been placed on key sensor performance metrics, such as detection limits, selectivity, response time, and operational stability, as well as the underlying mechanisms of material–analyte interaction. The review also highlights recent progress in multi-modal sensing, surface functionalization, and scalable fabrication approaches. The discussion concludes by exploring the potential for these nanoplatform-based sensors to transition from laboratory research to practical applications in real-time environmental monitoring, on-site detection, and regulatory compliance.
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