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Recent advances on zinc-and/or sulfur-containing mechanoluminescent materials and their spectroscopic properties toward diverse applications
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DOI：10.1016/j.ccr.2026.217840.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Recently, the longing for new lighting sources and their applications has accelerated the rapid development and exploration of new luminescent materials. In the past years, mechanically-stimulated zinc- and/or sulfurcontaining mechanoluminescent materials (ZS-MLMs, hereafter), as an important class of luminescent materials and the most frequently-reported MLMs, have played a crucial role in this process due to their remarkable advantages such as rapid force-converted luminescence response, flexible selectivity of the ML-related emissions and colors, highly sensitive force-responsive luminescence, repeated ML intensity and desirable structural stability in a variety of harsh environments, etc. These make ZS-MLMs typically suitable for use as optically detective and/or sensitive tools in the absence of external light or electrical stimuli. In this review, the recent advances on ZS-MLMs are disclosed, with a special focus on their synthesis, characterization techniques, classification and spectroscopic properties toward diverse applications, ranging from anti-counterfeiting, information storage, pressure sensing and visualization, and to biological purposes. Different types of ML-related activators, including twelve rare earth (RE) activators (e.g., Ce3+, Pr3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Eu3+, Eu2+, Tb3+, Dy3+, Ho3+, Er3+, Tm3+, and Yb3+), five non-RE activators (e.g., Mn2+, Bi3+, Pb2+, Sb3+, and Cu+/2+), and the strategic combination of these RE and non-RE activators (e.g., Bi3+-Mn2+, Nd3+-Mn2+, Ln3+-Mn2+ (Ln = Pr, Ho, Er, Tb, Dy, Eu, Sm, Yb, Tm), Tb3+-Eu3+, Tb3+-Mn2+, Nd3+-Bi3+, Er3+-Mn2+, Er3+-Yb3+, and Cu2+-Mn2+), as well as the synergistic arrangements of these RE or non-RE ions with other non-RE luminescent ions like Li+, Al3+ and Ag+, have been involved. These are the reason why ZS-MLMs can generate the ML widely covering the UV, visible, and NIR spectral regions. Moreover, to better understand the intrinsic nature and working principle behind the ML in ZS-MLMs, the structure-activity relationship between the ZS-related crystal structure and the ML behavior, along with their mechanisms have been also elucidated with several representative examples of ZS-MLMs. Finally, we discuss some informative perspectives and future challenges of MLMs to push the discovery of new MLMs with better ML properties toward more new advanced applications, not just limited to ZS-MLMs.
Keywords:
Mechanoluminescence (ML)
Zinc
and/or sulfur-containing ML materials
Rare earth (RE) ML activator
Non-RE ML activator
Structure-ML relationship
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23.5
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8.9K
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7.3W
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