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Redox regulation of G protein oligomerization and signaling by the glutaredoxin WG1 controls grain size in rice
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DOI：10.1038/s44318-025-00462-9.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Grain size is an important agronomic trait and influences both grain yield and quality in crops. The atypical heterotrimeric G gamma protein subunit GS3 is a central regulator of grain length in rice, and the loss-of-function allele of its corresponding gene has been widely utilized by breeders to improve grain length in rice. Here we report that the CC-type glutaredoxin WG1/OsGRX8 has disulfide oxidoreductase activity and regulates redox state of GS3, thereby determining grain length in rice. GS3 can form dimers and oligomers by intermolecular disulfide bonds, and the cysteine-rich C-terminal region of GS3 is predominantly required for its oligomerization. The oligomerization of GS3 alleviates its inhibitory effect on the interaction between RGB1 and DEP1/GGC2, resulting in an increase in grain length. WG1 interacts with GS3 and reduces the oligomerization of GS3 through redox mechanisms, which causes a decrease in grain length. Genetic analyses support WG1 and GS3 function in a common pathway to control grain length. Thus, our findings reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism, in which redox regulation of a G gamma subunit by a glutaredoxin controls grain length, opening a novel perspective for G protein signaling regulation.
Keywords:
WG1
GS3
Grain Length
Redox Regulation
G Protein
Journal
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8.3
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1.3W
Citations:
6.3W
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Cited Papers