Corrigendum to ‘Reinforcing Effect of Intraradicular Filling Materials in Simulated Immature Mandibular Premolars with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Apical Barrier: A Weibull Analysis [Journal of Endodontics, Volume 51, Issue 10, October 2025, Pages 1438-1445]

Ploy Opacharoensuk

doi:10.1016/j.joen.2026.06.002

Relationships among mechanisms in psychosocial treatments for chronic pain: mechanism to mechanism lagged effects and relationships with outcomes

2026-06-08

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PRE

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Burns, John W.a *

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Gerhart, Jamesb

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Jensen, Mark P.c

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Thorn, Beverlyd

C

Carmody, Jamese

K

Keefe, Francisf

DOI：10.1097/j.pain.0000000000004030

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Results suggest that psychosocial treatments for chronic pain work via several mechanisms, and that they often do so to similar degrees and in similar ways. Extant research, however, has focused on individual and/or independent effects of mechanisms on outcomes. Whether successful outcomes are also partly because of sequential and meaningful relationships among and between mechanisms—mechanism-to-mechanism effects—has not been examined. Secondary analyses were conducted of an RCT that compared cognitive therapy, mindfulness-based stress reduction, and behavior therapy to treatment as usual in a sample (N = 521) of people with chronic low back pain. Results of hierarchical linear modeling revealed that (1) Treatment Condition × Mechanism interactions predicting changes in other mechanisms were nonsignificant; (2) lagged prior session mechanism changes predicted next session changes in another mechanism; (3) lagged relationships between pain catastrophizing and pain self-efficacy were reciprocal, whereas links between lagged pain catastrophizing and mindfulness changes and lagged pain catastrophizing changes and behavioral activation changes were unidirectional; and (4) individual differences in the strengths of mechanism-to-mechanism relationships predicted pre- to post-treatment changes in outcomes. Results reveal heretofore hidden therapeutic processes that cognitive therapy, mindfulness-based stress reduction, and behavior therapy may share. Namely, that mechanism-to-mechanism lagged effects do indeed emerge beyond mechanism-to-outcome effects. Findings show not only that mechanisms may change in definable sequences relative to each other but that individual differences in the strengths of mechanism-to-mechanism relationships may themselves be predictive of outcomes.

Keywords:

Psychosocial pain treatments

Mechanisms

Mechanism-to-mechanism effects

Outcomes

Relationships among mechanisms in psychosocial treatments for chronic pain: mechanism to mechanism lagged effects and relationships with outcomes

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