Renormalization, decoupling and the hierarchy problem

Kang-Sin Choi

doi:10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08362-5

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Renormalization, decoupling and the hierarchy problem

2026-10-04

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Kang-Sin Choi *

DOI：10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08362-5

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Abstract

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The hierarchy problem is associated with renormalization and decoupling. The smallness of the scalar mass against loop corrections follows from the decoupling of heavy fields, once the observable is correctly identified as the renormalized mass depending on the external momentum rather than a constant parameter. We reconsider the properties of the renormalized loop corrections, which are finite, independent of regularization and admit a well-defined perturbative expansion, so that a quadratic dependence on a regulator cutoff carries no physical information. The substantive question is the dependence on a physical heavy mass M, and we show, by explicit calculation up to two loops and by power counting to all orders, that the renormalized correction to the scalar mass-squared from a heavy field is suppressed as $$(p^2-m_h^2)^2/M^2$$ , where p is the external momentum and $$m_h$$ is the scalar pole mass, provided that the couplings are held fixed as $$M \rightarrow \infty$$ . The surviving momentum dependence is in principle measurable. This is in accordance with the Appelquist–Carazzone decoupling theorem, whose statement holds up to the renormalization of the light masses and which we make explicit for the scalar mass. We do not address the origin of the small tree-level mass.