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Reprogramming of amino acid metabolism in cholangiocarcinoma: A potential target for metabolic-targeted therapy
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DOI：10.3748/wjg.v32.i13.115536.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
The incidence of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a highly aggressive malignancy of the bile duct epithelia, has been gradually increasing worldwide. However, curative treatments are still limited. Novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to improve patients' survival and quality of life. Metabolic reprogramming has been well recognized as one of the hallmark processes supporting the development of several cancer types, including CCA. Apart from the Warburg effect and high glucose requirement in CCA cells, amino acid metabolism is also found to be essential in CCA development and progression. Upregulation of proteins and enzymes involved in amino acid metabolism is reported in CCA, typically associated with a poor prognosis for patients. Targeting these proteins and enzymes has been shown to retard CCA progression, and thus, they are promising targets for drug development. This article reviews the reprogramming of amino acid metabolism in CCA and its roles in CCA progression, such as aggressive phenotypes. The up-to-date development of therapeutic agents targeting particular proteins in amino acid metabolism is also discussed. A summary of the current knowledge gap and directions for further research are also provided and proposed.
Keywords:
Amino acid
Biliary tract cancer
Cancer metabolism
Cholangiocarcinoma
Metabolic reprogramming
Journal
IF:
5.4
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2.1W
Citations:
5.1W
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Cited Papers