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Research advances in rare-earth nonlinear optical crystalline materials in 2025
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DOI：10.1016/j.jre.2026.07.021.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals are critical components in laser frequency conversion systems, with widespread applications in all-solid-state lasers, optical communication, and precision photonic technologies. Its independent R&D and industrialization capabilities are of great significance for safeguarding the country's strategic needs in high-end manufacturing, quantum information, and national defense. Rare-earth compounds have garnered significant attention in the field of nonlinear optics due to their unique electronic structures, flexible coordination modes, and diverse structural types. Rare-earth ions can form various structural building units with oxygen, sulfur, and halogen elements. Through structural distortion, non-centrosymmetric arrangement, and synergistic interactions with active building units, they can effectively modulate the bandgap, birefringence, and NLO properties of materials. This review systematically summarizes the research progress in rare earth-based NLO crystals reported in 2025. Based on their chemical composition, they are categorized into five groups: rare-earth oxysalts, rare-earth fluorides, rare-earth chalcogenides, organic-inorganic hybrid materials, and rare-earth-doped NLO materials. Studies indicate that rare earth-based NLO materials exhibit broad application potential across the deep ultraviolet to mid-to-far infrared wavelength ranges. This article aims to summarize the compositional types, structural features, and optical properties of different rare-earth-based nonlinear optical crystals, providing a useful reference for future material screening, performance optimization, and application-oriented studies.
Keywords:
Rare earth crystals
Nonlinear optical materials
Non-centrosymmetry
Functional units
Structure-property relationship
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