.png){kind=icon}
.png){kind=icon}
Return
Resilience–oriented mitigation strategies for catastrophic tunnel collapse induced by deep excavation disturbance
.png){kind=icon}
PRE
AI
O
M
D
R
X
X
DOI：10.1016/j.tust.2026.108019.png)
.png){kind=icon}
Original request for help.png){kind=icon}
Share.png){kind=icon}
Save
Abstract
En 中文
Increasing demand for underground infrastructure in densely populated urban areas has intensified the need to ensure the safety and performance of tunnels subjected to excavation-induced disturbances. Despite notable advances in numerical modeling and ground improvement techniques, three critical gaps remain: (i) limited integration of advanced numerical methods capable of capturing complex soil–structure interactions under large–deformation conditions; (ii) insufficient evaluation of collapse mitigation strategies for deep excavations; and (iii) a lack of quantitative resilience-based frameworks for assessing tunnel performance, robustness, and recovery. To address these gaps, this study presents a resilience–based framework for evaluating existing tunnel linings subjected to excavation–face unloading. A validated coupled Finite Element Method–Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (FEM–SPH) model approach is employed to simulate large deformation behavior and capture the progressive failure mechanisms of the ground and tunnel structures. The study investigates the individual and combined effectiveness of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) strengthening, umbrella arch systems, and face jet grouting under deep excavation conditions. Tunnel responses are quantified using key performance indicators, including settlement, convergence, and dislocation, which are further transformed into resilience metrics incorporating robustness and recovery. The results indicate that excavation–induced unloading leads to significant ground loss, stress redistribution, and tunnel damage, strongly influenced by tunnel proximity to the excavation zone. Umbrella arch systems and CFRP provide case–dependent improvements, whereas their combined application significantly enhances performance. Among all techniques, face jet grouting demonstrates the highest effectiveness by suppressing collapse mechanisms, minimizing deformation, and achieving maximum resilience (R = 1) across all tunnel configurations. Furthermore, resilience is directly linked to damage extent and recovery duration, indicating that mitigation strategies capable of reducing damage can substantially improve recovery efficiency. This study provides a scalable and integrated framework for evaluating tunnel performance under excavation–induced disturbances, offering practical insights for designing robust and resilient underground infrastructure systems in complex geotechnical environments.
Keywords:
Deep excavation
Soil–structure interaction
Coupled FEM–SPH
Large deformation
Construction disturbance
Robustness
Resilience
Journal
IF:
7.4
Papers:
6.8K
Citations:
3.5W
Organization
Cited Papers