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Resource utilization of wastewater generated during the etching process in electrode foil production: An engineering case study

delete2026-04-01
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PRE
AI
H
Huan, Hengsai
Z
Zhou, Guoquan
W
Wu, Zhenglei
L
Li, Jiangbin
X
Xia, Pengfei
W
Wang, Qian
L
Li, Fengmin *
DOI:10.1016/j.watcyc.2025.12.001delete
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Abstract

Abstract

En 中文
The etching process in electrode foil production generates vast quantities of low-concentration acidic rinse water and high-concentration waste acid, posing severe environmental risks. This study presents an integrated engineering solution combining precipitation, ultrafiltration with ceramic membranes (UF), two-stage reverse osmosis (RO), resin softening, and advanced oxidation to achieve near-zero wastewater discharge. The system treats 1960 m(3)/d rinse water and 300 m(3)/d waste acid, achieving >95 % water recovery with effluent quality (TDS <= 200 mg/L, pH 6-9) meeting industrial reuse standards. Crucially, waste streams are valorized: RO concentrate, and waste acid are converted into 40,000 tons/year of high-purity coagulants (solid aluminum sulfate and sodium aluminum sulfate), compliant with GB/T 31060-2014 Class I standards. Economically, daily operational costs (1.224 million CNY) are offset by revenues from water reuse and coagulant sales (1.923 million CNY/day), yielding similar to 20.97 million CNY/year net profit. This circular approach demonstrates scalable resource recovery simultaneously reclaiming water, acid, salts, and aluminum while addressing water scarcity and pollution in electrode foil manufacturing.
Keywords:
Electrode foil wastewater
Resource recovery
Ceramic membrane
Reverse osmosis
Coagulant production
Circular economy
Zero liquid discharge

Journal

W
Water Cycle
IF:
8.7
Papers:
33
Citations:
630

Organization

O
ocean university of china
Scholars:
3.0W
Papers: 1.9W
Citations: 21
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