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Rethinking adaptive thermal comfort: The overlooked role of rooftop solar photovoltaic systems in office buildings
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DOI：10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.115064.png)
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Abstract
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Adaptive thermal comfort models have substantially improved the understanding of occupant comfort by incorporating environmental conditions and behavioral adaptation into building performance assessment. However, these models generally assume a static building envelope and do not explicitly account for rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems, despite their rapid deployment in modern office buildings. Beyond electricity generation, rooftop PV systems modify roof heat transfer through solar shading, ventilated air cavities, and altered conductive, convective, and radiative heat exchange, thereby influencing indoor thermal conditions that govern occupant comfort. This paper argues that rooftop PV systems should be recognized as passive thermal modifiers and integrated into future adaptive thermal comfort frameworks. By synthesizing evidence from adaptive thermal comfort and photovoltaic research, we identify a conceptual gap between these two disciplines and propose a research roadmap for developing PV-integrated adaptive comfort models. Recognizing rooftop PV systems as components of the building thermal envelope may improve occupant-centered building design, thermal resilience, and the prediction of indoor environmental quality in low-energy and net-zero office buildings.
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