Reverse Boudouard reaction modulating deactivation pathways: anti-deactivation mechanism of Ni/alkali-modified HZSM-5 under CO2 atmosphere in relation to biomass tar catalytic cracking

2026-07-20

PRE

Qinlong Hu

Chao Ye *

Haoyang Lou

Zhuqing Niu

Deqiang Xu

Jingqi Zhu

Guoneng Li

Yuanjun Tang

Zhongming Bu

DOI：10.1016/j.joei.2026.102667

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• CO2 gasifies amorphous carbon, reversing deactivation caused by carbon deposition. • The 15% Ni catalyst achieves the optimal conversion and exhibits excellent sintering resistance. • Prolonged reaction results in triple deactivation mechanisms: graphitization, sintering, and dehydroxylation. • CO2 inhibits graphitization while N2 promotes carbon deposition; the reaction atmosphere determines the deactivation pathway.

Reverse Boudouard reaction modulating deactivation pathways: anti-deactivation mechanism of Ni/alkali-modified HZSM-5 under CO2 atmosphere in relation to biomass tar catalytic cracking

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