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Revisiting Photodynamic Therapy in Keloid and Hypertrophic Scars: Mechanisms, Clinical Evidence, and Synergistic Multimodal Approaches
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DOI：10.1016/j.pdpdt.2026.105565.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
• PDT exerts antifibrotic effects in keloids and hypertrophic scars via fibroblast modulation. • PDT regulates TGF-β signaling and extracellular matrix remodeling in scar tissue. • Clinical evidence supports PDT as an adjunct in multimodal scar therapy. • Micro-needling may enhance photosensitizer delivery and PDT efficacy. • Standardized protocols and RCTs are needed to define clinical role of PDT.
Keywords:
Photodynamic therapy
Keloid
Hypertrophic scar
Photosensitizers
Indocyanine green
Micro-needling
ALA
5‑aminolevulinic acid
ECM
Extracellular matrix
HTS
Hypertrophic scars
ICG
Indocyanine green
LLLT
Low‑level light therapy
MAL
Methyl aminolevulinate
MB
Methylene blue
MMPs
Matrix metalloproteinases
MN
Micro‑needling
NIR
Near‑infrared
PDT
Photodynamic therapy
POSAS
Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale
PRP
Platelet‑rich plasma
PS
Photosensitizer
RCT
Randomized controlled trial
ROS
Reactive oxygen species
TGF‑β
Transforming growth factor beta
TIMPs
Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases
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