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Ribbon-cut kirigami sheets in non-uniform incoming flow
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DOI：10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2026.104590.png)
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Abstract
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It has been shown recently that kirigami sheets placed in uniform fluid flow undergo both static and dynamic structural instabilities, followed by buckling or limit cycle oscillations. Depending on their structural response, the kirigami sheets can then generate vortices of various sizes or jets that leave the sheet at different angles with respect to the incoming flow. In practical applications, however, it is expected that there will often be non-uniform incoming flow interacting with the kirigami sheets. Here we show that a kirigami sheet with a ribbon cut pattern placed in uniform flow exhibits a subcritical instability, wherein for a range of Cauchy numbers, the sheet exhibits two stable solutions. If the incoming flow is disturbed by placing a cylinder upstream of the kirigami sheet such that the vortices that are formed in the wake of the cylinder interact with the kirigami sheet, these vortices trigger the onset of instability of the sheet at lower Cauchy numbers and minimize the range with two solutions. If the cylinder is forced to rotate constantly in one direction at rotation rates where the shedding is suppressed, then the kirigami sheet behaves similarly to what it does when placed in uniform flow, despite the inclination in the incoming flow. If the cylinder is forced to rotate periodically, then the kirigami sheet’s oscillations will be at a frequency and amplitude similar to those of the sheet in a uniform flow, which suggests that the kirigami’s response is not influenced by the disturbed incoming flow. However, if the incoming vortices are sent to the sheet at Cauchy numbers where the kirigami sheet placed in uniform flow does not oscillate, then oscillations due to these vortices are observed in the sheet at a frequency equal to the shedding frequency.
Keywords:
kirigami
non-uniform flow
structural instability
vortex interaction
oscillations
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