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Risk factors for hospital readmission in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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DOI：10.3389/fmed.2026.1836031.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
BackgroundPatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) commonly experience acute exacerbations that require hospitalization and may lead to repeated COPD-related readmissions. Among patients who survive an index hospitalization; early readmission due to acute exacerbation of COPD remains a major clinical challenge. Therefore; evaluating readmission rates at different follow-up time points and identifying factors associated with readmission are important for improving COPD management. Better risk assessment and early recognition of high-risk patients may support targeted interventions; reduce avoidable readmissions; and improve quality of life and clinical outcomes.ObjectiveThis study aimed to systematically summarize COPD-related readmission rates within 1 month; 3 months; 6 months; and 1 year after hospital discharge; and to identify factors associated with COPD-related readmission.MethodsEight electronic databases were searched from inception to October 1; 2026; to identify observational studies reporting COPD-related readmission. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) for cohort and case–control studies and an adapted NOS for cross-sectional studies. Pooled estimates of readmission rates and factors associated with readmission among patients with COPD were calculated using random-effects models.ResultsA total of 54 studies were included; reporting 25 outcome indicators. The pooled readmission rates after discharge were 15.2% within 1 month; 26.90% within 3 months; 30.40% within 6 months; and 42.10% within 1 year. In total; 26 factors associated with readmission were identified. Overall; the methodological quality of the included studies was moderate to high.ConclusionThis meta-analysis examined readmission rates and factors associated with readmission among patients with COPD. The findings show that the 1-year readmission remains common and is influenced by multiple clinical factors. These results underscore the need for early identification of high-risk patients and timely interventions to improve long-term COPD management. Sensitivity analyses showed that the findings were stable; and the included studies were generally of moderate to high methodological quality; supporting the reliability and clinical relevance of the conclusions.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420261286213; Identifier CRD420261286213.
Keywords:
systematic review
meta-analysis
risk factors
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
hospital readmission
readmission rate
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