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Role of bioactive layer on membrane surface for urea removal in A2O-MBR under varying operating conditions for ultrapure water production
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DOI：10.1016/j.desal.2026.120627.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
• Urea removal exceeded 90% within 1 h regardless of oxygen concentration in batch experiment. • Residual urea in A2O-MBR permeate showed highest removal at the 12 h of HRT and 70 day of SRT. • Active membrane biofilm layer provided 52.9% of additional urea removal. • Membrane biofouling acted as a reactive layer for urea removal in UPW pretreatment.
Keywords:
Urea removal
Ultrapure water (UPW)
Biofilm-enhanced MBR
Wastewater reuse
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