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Role of biochar in alkali-activated materials: mechanisms, performance and carbon sequestration effects
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DOI：10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2026.106652.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Biochar has emerged as a promising carbon-sequestering component in alkali-activated materials (AAMs) due to its stable biogenic carbon and porous structure. Comparisons with cement-based systems further help clarify their distinct roles and mechanisms. However, current studies remain fragmented, particularly with respect to feedstock-dependent structural characterization, the cross-scale linkage between microstructure and engineering performance, and the integrated assessment of carbon sequestration, durability, and economic feasibility. This review summarizes recent progress on biochar in AAMs, with a focus on the microstructural and transport mechanisms that govern CO2 transport, carbonation behavior, and related engineering performance. The effects of biomass feedstock, pyrolysis conditions, and physicochemical activation on pore structure, carbon stability, and interfacial behavior are discussed. Biochar influences pore connectivity and moisture distribution, thereby affecting hydration and carbonation processes, mechanical properties, durability, and carbon sequestration efficiency. By linking microstructural observations with life cycle assessment (LCA) and techno-economic analysis, this review highlights trade-offs among performance, durability, and carbon-negative potential. It provides practical guidance for the design and evaluation of low-carbon biochar-enabled AAMs.
Keywords:
biochar
alkali-activated materials
carbon sequestration
microstructure
durability
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