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Salt-confined hierarchical porous carbons for efficient solar-driven atmospheric water harvesting
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DOI：10.1016/j.mtphys.2026.102109.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) based on sorption-desorption cycles offers a viable route for decentralized freshwater production, yet its efficiency is often limited by the trade-off between water uptake, vapor transport, and energy-efficient regeneration. Herein, a series of chitosan-derived, salt-confined hierarchical porous carbons (PCa-X) are prepared via freeze-drying, CaCl2 impregnation, and carbonization, enabling coordinated regulation of pore architecture, surface polarity, and photothermal behavior. Moderate CaCl2 loading induces an interconnected hierarchical pore network with uniformly confined hygroscopic sites, whereas excessive salt incorporation leads to partial pore densification and restricted vapor accessibility. The optimized PCa-20 exhibits rapid water-vapor uptake across a wide humidity range, achieving 0.35, 0.75, and 1.2 g g-1 at 30%, 60%, and 90% relative humidity, respectively. Owing to its defect-rich carbon framework, PCa-20 shows efficient solar-driven heating, reaching surface temperatures of ∼85 oC under 2.0 kW m-2 irradiation and enabling fast, reversible water release. Outdoor tests demonstrate autonomous day-night operation with an average daily water collection of ∼1.24 g g-1 and negligible Ca2+ leaching. This work provides a scalable strategy for practical AWH through salt-confined photothermal porous carbons.
Keywords:
Atmospheric water harvesting
Hierarchical porous carbons
Solar-driven water collection
Chitosan-derived carbon
Salt confinement
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