1
Return

Sarcoid-like reactions: a comprehensive review of granulomatous diseases mimicking sarcoidosis

delete2026-06-07
delete0
PRE
AI
A
Andrea Giovanni Ledda *
M
Martina Ceraudo *
K
Klara Radovic *
G
Giulia Costanzo
C
Cinzia Milito
D
Davide Firinu *
F
Francesco Cinetto *
DOI:10.1080/1744666X.2026.2682185delete
deleteOriginal
deleteOriginal request for help
deleteShare
deleteSave
Abstract

Abstract

En 中文
Sarcoid-like reactions (SLR) are granulomatous conditions characterized by non-caseating epithelioid cell granulomas that mimic sarcoidosis but arise in patients who do not fulfill diagnostic criteria for systemic sarcoidosis. The overlap with sarcoidosis poses a significant challenge, as misdiagnosis can lead to inappropriate treatment We performed a comprehensive review of the available literature summarizing SLRs associated with malignancies, infections, and most relevant drugs involved, discussing the timing of onset, patterns of organ involvement, and prognostic implications. Management strategies are discussed according to the underlying trigger, ranging from simple observation to corticosteroids or targeted immunosuppression, and from pathogen-directed therapy to careful continuation or modification of anticancer treatment. SLRs represent a diagnostic and pathogenetic challenge due to the plasticity of the granulomatous immune response, which can be triggered by drugs, malignancy, or other stimuli, often mimicking systemic sarcoidosis. Dedicated studies are needed to develop standardized diagnostic criteria and algorithms that integrate clinical, histological, and immunological features to accurately distinguish SLRs from sarcoidosis and guide management.
Keywords:
Sarcoid-like reactions
sarcoidosis
non-caseating granuloma
drug induced sarcoid-like reactions
granulomatous diseases

Journal

Expert Review of Clinical Immunology cover
Expert Review of Clinical Immunology
IF:
3.7
Papers:
2.1K
Citations:
4.6K

Organization

U
university of padua
Scholars:
4.0K
Papers: 1.5K
Citations: 0
S
sapienza university of rome
Scholars:
2.9K
Papers: 1.1K
Citations: 2
U
University of Cagliari
Scholars:
1.1K
Papers: 457
Citations: 9.1K
Cited Papers

Cited Papers

Citing Papers

Citing Papers