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Saturation in Two-Timescale RIS Beamforming
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DOI：10.1109/OJCOMS.2025.3638874.png)
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Abstract
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This paper investigates reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted wireless communications under a two-timescale architecture, in which the RIS phase shifts are optimized from long-term channel statistics, eliminating per-element training and thereby slashing channel estimation overhead. It is shown that, while the power captured by the RIS scales linearly with the number of its elements, the two-timescale beamforming gain upon re-radiation towards the receiver saturates rapidly as the number of RIS elements increases, for a broad class of power angular spectra (PAS). The saturation ceiling depends on the PAS angular decay, which governs how quickly inter-element spatial correlation vanishes. Steeper decays yield stronger correlations and, hence, a higher ceiling. The implications of this saturation on the effectiveness of two-timescale RIS-assisted communications are discussed.
Keywords:
Reconfigurable intelligent surface
beamforming
statistical channel-state information
two-timescale design
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