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Scalable High-Shear Vortex Synthesis of Medium-Chain Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters for Sustainable Cosmetic Formulations
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DOI：10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c11301.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Natural fragrance ingredients are costly and resource-intensive to extract, highlighting the need for more sustainable alternatives. This study presents an efficient approach for producing medium-chain free fatty ethyl ester (MCFAEE) as a nature-based cosmetic fragrance via the transesterification of Palmester oil using an upsized vortex fluidic device (VFD). Operating at room temperature, the upsized VFD (2945 rpm) achieved a higher product yield and purity compared to conventional processing at 70 °C, while also demonstrating a 94% lower energy consumption, providing a quantitative measure of its sustainability. The resulting MCFAEE demonstrated multifunctionality, offering superior emulsion stability, a desirable fruity fragrance, and notable antibacterial activity compared to Palmester oil. Specifically, MCFAEE-based emulsions exhibited smaller droplet sizes, along with enhanced physical stability, confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy and accelerated heating tests. Sensory evaluation indicated that these emulsions achieved the highest overall scores, characterized by a more pronounced fruity aroma, faster skin absorption, a lighter texture, and overall superior performance compared to oil-based counterparts. Additionally, upsized VFD postprocessing (1520 rpm) further enhanced the particle dispersion, stability, and sensory properties of the MCFAEE-based emulsion while maintaining its antibacterial efficacy. These findings highlight the potential of upsized VFD-produced MCFAEE as a sustainable, multifunctional ingredient for cosmetic applications.
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