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Scalable Upcycling of Spent Lithium-Ion Battery Anodic Graphite to Electronic-Grade Graphene
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DOI：10.1002/advs.202524344.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Recycling processes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are imperative to support the sustainable growth of global energy storage systems. This study introduces a scalable method for the upcycling of spent graphite anodes from LIBs to produce electronic-grade graphene nanoplatelets. In addition to comprehensive materials characterization, the electronic quality of the upcycled graphene is demonstrated by formulating it into a screen printing ink that achieves high-resolution patterning and thin-film electrical conductivity exceeding 10(4) S m(-1). This screen printing ink is also used to print planar micro-supercapacitors with exceptional areal capacitance (1.78 mF cm(-2)), areal energy density (0.247 mu Wh cm(-2)), and cycling stability (> 10 000 cycles). Life cycle assessment (LCA) and techno-economic analysis (TEA) highlight the environmental benefits and cost reductions attainable through upcycling of graphite from LIBs. By capturing economic value from spent LIBs, this work fosters a sustainable battery supply chain and provides an abundant and geographically distributed raw material for electronic-grade graphene.
Keywords:
energy storage
life cycle analysis
recycling
supercapacitors
sustainability
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